RoPE Score Calculator
RoPE Score
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Trials informing thresholds
PFO closure trials whose patient stratification operationalized the RoPE risk concept.
- CLOSE2017
Cryptogenic stroke <60y with PFO + atrial septal aneurysm OR large shunt. PFO closure + antiplatelet abolished recurrent stroke vs antiplatelet alone (0% vs 6.0%, HR 0.03, NNT 20 over 5y). AF excess 4.6% vs 0.9%.
- RESPECT (long-term)2017
Cryptogenic stroke 18–60y with PFO. Extended 5.9-year follow-up of Amplatzer PFO Occluder vs medical therapy: recurrent ischemic stroke 3.6% vs 5.8% (HR 0.55, P=0.046, NNT 42). VTE higher with closure.
- REDUCE2017
Cryptogenic stroke 18–59y with PFO. Gore HELEX/Cardioform closure + antiplatelet vs antiplatelet alone: clinical stroke 1.4% vs 5.4% (HR 0.23, P=0.002, NNT ~28 over 2y). AF excess 6.6% vs 0.4%.