1.Acute: Rule Out Provoked
Labs: glucose, lytes, renal, LFTs, AED levels, tox, EtOH. LP if febrile or immunocompromised. CT if focal deficit, AMS, or trauma.[+]
2.Imaging
CT acute. MRI brain for etiology (T2/FLAIR, DWI, SWI). Mesial temporal sclerosis, focal dysplasia, cavernoma, tumor.[+]
3.EEG
Routine EEG: epileptiform discharges, focal slowing. Normal EEG common in epilepsy. Sleep-deprived or prolonged if needed.[+]
4.After First Unprovoked Seizure
Recurrence ~40% at 2 y. Higher if abnormal EEG, lesion, or nocturnal. Driving — counsel. AED after first vs after second: shared decision (risk, job, laws).[+]